Перевести на Переведено сервисом «Яндекс.Перевод»

Database research on anti-aging

Database
Anti-stress response on the development of tumors, and antitumor therapy

In prof. C. Schmitt’s laboratory, molecular mechanisms of cell’s response on stress are studies. Stress-mediated responses are accompanied by the induction of apoptosis or cell aging that stops precancer state of the cell and afterwards kills (or isolates) the changed cell. However, when the cell undergoes oncogenic stimulation over a long period of time, it can overcome the barrier and irretrievably acquire oncogenic phenotype. In prof. C. Schmitt’s laboratory, mouse models of lymphoma and other tumors caused by known genetic disorders were created to study cell’s response on stress, which is induced by the anticancer therapy. On the basis of those models, antitumor role of Suv39h1 histone methylase was shown. Suv39h1 histone methylase inhibition in mice led to the development of the B-cell lymphoma directed by the constitutive expression of the embedded Ras proto-oncogene. Methylation of the H3R9 histone (it is a target for the Suv39h1 methylase) prevented formation of lymphomas and initiated the process of B-cell aging as protective mechanism against aging in the Suv39h1-deficient mice. It was also established that genetic disorders in the INK4a/ARF locus had modulatory role in sensitivity/resistance of different lymphoma types to anticancer therapy. Oncogenic signals activated stress response in normal cells. That stress response is a peculiar barrier on the way of cell transformation from the normal cell into the tumor one. So cell aging or apoptosis induced by antitumor therapy is a protective mechanism that prevents further expansion (metastasis) of tumor cells.

Features of mitochondrial aging

In the laboratory headed by K. Khrapko, particular interest is paid to the role of mtDNA somatic mutations in human aging. Scientists investigate the amount of mtDNA mutations in individual cells. Using such approach — evaluating the amount of mtDNA mutations in individual cells — it was found that the level of mtDNA deletions in human pigmented neurons was very high. Among other research guidelines of the laboratory, there are studies focused on mtDNA recombination and studies of mtDNA using microarrays. It is generally assumed that mtDNA mutations are created in the cells where those mutations are currently found. However, it was shown that cells with a particular mtDNA mutation tended to «cluster». Cells of those clusters are usually descendants of the single sell. Thus, mutations in mtDNA do not appear the cells of a cluster, but in progenitor cells, such as stem cells, or even earlier in the development. MtDNA mutatios in progenitor cells may be one of the major sources of mtDNA mutations in healthy aging tissue.

Development of a therapy for compensation of complex I defect

Many mitochondrial diseases are provoked by structural and functional changes in the complex I. Therefore, the major aim of the studies, T. Yagi’s team conducts, is to develop a therapy for compensation of the complex I defect. The most promising method is transfection with NADH gene of yeasts (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). That gene consist of one subunit (Ndi1) responsible for the NADH to ubiquinone-10 (UQ10) electron transfer in the mammalian mitochondria. Using complex I-deficient Chinese hamster CCL16-B2 mutant cell lines, the researchers from T. Yagi’s laboratory performed successful transfection of those cells’ mitochondria with the Ndi1 gene. The Ndi1-transfected cells with functionally active NADH dehydrogenase, as well as the healthy cells (control with the intact complex I gene) showed electron transfer when malate plus glutamate were employed as respiratory substrates. So, thansfection with Ndi1 gene opens new possibilities in the treatment of mitochondrial diseases with the use of gene therapy.

Creation of nanorobots and their use in the molecular manufacturing for body restoration at the molecular level

The main guideline of R. Freitas work is development of medical nanorobots for the diagnostics, the repair of damaged tissues, cells and organs (including those after cryopreservation), DNA analysis and correction, and elimination of bacteria and viruses. Using modern technologies, the manufacturing of nanorobots may start in the next 15–20 years. R. Freitas believes that the size of the device should not exceed 1×1×3 µm (without locomotor flagellums). Molecular manufacturing that uses nanotechnologies will enable to solve the problem of any organ treatment and restoration at the molecular level. Moreover, this technology will help to create artificial blood cells and cells with new functionality (for example, respirocytes that will help the human to breath underwater). In addition, it will help to stop the use of antibiotics in the treatment of any infectious diseases, cure cancer and heal any wounds, it will help to replace chromosomes and so, it will deliver people from genetic diseases. Nanorobots will enable to remove defects that have accumulated in the organism and cause aging. As the result, nanorobots may considerably prolong human youth and life span.

Taurine
Taurine, a sulphur-containing amino acid, is produced from the conditionally essential amino acid L-cysteine by the body. It is the most abundant intracellular amino acid in humans, and is found particularly throughout the excitable tissues of the central nervous system, where it is thought to have a regulating influence.
DHEA

Dehydroepiandrosterone, also known as DHEA, is a hormone naturally produced in the brain and adrenal glands. DHEA has the ability to convert into other hormones such as testosterone and estrogen, depending on the body’s needs. Supplementing with DHEA may help boost energy levels, reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease & diabetes, improve memory and concentration, stimulate libido and improve physical performance.

5-HTP

Feeling not quite yourself? Try 5-HTP! Today’s stress-filled lifestyles and dietary practices may negatively alter your serotonin metabolism which can cause irritability and even depression. Regular use of 5-HTP can help provide a more positive and balanced attitude needed to help you maintain a healthy outlook and keep your diet goals by having greater appetite control.

Myo-X

MYO-X represents a major advancement in muscle building science. For decades, researchers have been diligently looking for a way to inhibit the production of myostatin, a naturally occurring regulatory protein responsible for limiting muscle growth in humans. Fueled by the widely held belief in scientific and medical communities that myostatin inhibition may represent the most powerful strategy for promoting dramatic muscular gains, leading researchers in this field have been relentless in their efforts to isolate a viable myostatin inhibitor and make it available to athletes. Now it appears that their efforts have been rewarded.

1 2 3 ... 24