Prof. M. A. Birchall with his colleagues have developed a model of restoration and transplantation of brain nerves which allows to improve locomotor innervation. This model is a central part of their organ replacement program (it concerns, particularly, the larynx). In this program, Schwann’s cell obtained from stem cells are used, as well as growth factors promoting optimal restoration of innervation. While preparing for an operation for transplantation of the bioengineered trachea, the workers from M. A. Birchall’s group have used biopsy of patient’s bronchial mucus. In the future, M. A. Birchall’s laboratory plans: larynx transplantation in human; development of tissue-engineered larynx; clinical trials in maxillary nerve restoration using neurotrophin and other peptide-cell constructions. Subsequent cultivation of those cells and conformation of their epithelial phenotype have allowed to obtain autologous epithelial cells which may be placed into a bioreactor and used in implantation.