Prof. A. Hollander and his team have taken part in the creation of the world’s first bioengineered trachea as they have prepared autological chondrocytes. Monolayer culture of mesenchymal stem cell obtained from the patient’s bone marrow (BMSC), was grown in the chondrogenic medium where the cells differentiated into chondrocytes. Then the cells were plated at the decellularized donor framework using a bioreactor. A. Hollander and his colleagues have shown for the first time that chondrogenesis of adult stem cells can be induced by synthetic retinoic acid receptor inhibitor LE135, so pharmacological regulation of chondrogenesis is possible. According to A. Hollander’s hypothesis, matrix-free chondrocytes must be induced to migrate between the two tissue surfaces in order for effective cartilage integration to take place. A chondrocyte/collagen-scaffold implant system has been developed as a method of delivering dividing cells at the interface between two cartilage surfaces. The cartilage-implant-cartilage sandwich appeared macroscopically as one continuous piece of tissue at the end of 40 day cultures. In conclusion, cartilage integration can be achieved using a chondrocyte/collagen scaffold implant that permits controlled delivery of chondrocytes to both host and graft mature cartilage tissues. This approach has the potential to be used therapeutically for implantation of engineered tissue.